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Cartagena
Is a Spanish Mediterranean
city and naval station in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in
the autonomous community of Region of Murcia. Cartagena has been the
capital of the Spanish Navy's Maritime Department of the
Mediterranean since the arrival of the Spanish Bourbons in the
eighteenth century. As far back as the sixteenth century it was one
of the most important naval ports in Spain, together with Ferrol in
the North.
It is a walled town and has a fine harbour defended by forts. In the
time of Philip II of Spain, it was a major naval seaport of Spain.
It is still an important naval seaport, the main military haven of
Spain, and there is a big naval shipyard.
Geography and climate
History
Cartagena was founded about 230 BC by Carthaginian general Hasdrubal
as Qart Hadast, Punic for "new city". Hasdrubal extended the newly
acquired Carthaginian empire in Iberia by skillful diplomacy, and
consolidated it by the foundation of Qart Hadast in an excellent
haven as the capital of a new province. Hannibal got silver from the
mines there to carry on the war against Rome.
When it was taken by the Roman general Scipio Africanus Major in 209
BC it was renamed as Carthago Nova, Latin for "New Carthage". At the
time Carthago Nova was said to be one of the richest cities in the
world. The city gave its name (without the 'new') to the youngest
province in the Hispaniae diocese, in the form of an adjective:
Carthaginiensis.
In 1873, the garrison arose against the First Spanish Republic and
formed the independent Cartagena Canton. Since they had the best
part of the Spanish Navy, they cruised the Spanish Mediterranean
trying to bring them to Cantonalism. The Federalist Spanish
government declared them a pirate fleet, encouraging foreign
countries to chase and sink them.
Museums
Next to the Arsenal (Menéndez Pelayo), there is a Naval Museum. On
the opposite side of the harbour to the city is the National Museum
for Underwater Archeology, containing a reconstructed Roman galley
and exhibits from shipwrecks.
Architecture
Cartagena's sense of self-importance appeared again during the
establishment of Autonomous Communities in Spain. Some Cartageneros
were not happy to be in the same region as inland Murcianos.
The Autonomy Act struck a compromise by having Murcia as the seat of
the regional government and Cartagena as the seat of the regional
parliament (Asamblea Regional).
Cartagena has many archaeologic sites. Ruins identified as a temple
to Melqart have been uncovered. Throughout the old centre you can
find museums with remains of Roman buildings.
Cartagena was the birthplace of Isidore of Seville, the Director of
the Holy See (Vatican) Press Office Joaquin Navarro Valls and the
Spanish writer Arturo Pérez Reverte.
Camping Naturista El Portús is a naturist place in Cartagena.