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Ibiza
Ibiza (Catalan: Eivissa) is one of the Balearic Islands located in
the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to Spain. With Formentera, it is
one of the two Pine Islands. Major cities are Ibiza, Santa Eulària
des Riu and Sant Antoni de Portmany.
The name Ibiza is derived from the Original Arabic word "Yabisah",
meaning 'Land' or 'Landward' in English. Eivissa is the official
Catalan name, but the name in Spanish is Ibiza.
The Island of Ibiza is most famously known for its summer parties,
with thousands of people flooding in for the big summer club nights.
Famous clubs include Space, Pacha, Privilege (ex Ku), Amnesia, DC10,
Eden and Es Paradis. They are hosts to parties of international fame
such as Cream, Manumission, etc. It is also home to the 'West End'
party district of Sant Antoni, a rite of passage for many
partygoers.
History
In 654 BC Phoenician settlers founded a port in the Balearic
Islands, as Ibossim (from the Phoenician ibshim "island of pines").
It was later known to Romans as "Ebusus". The Greeks, who came to
Ibiza during the time of the Phoenicians, were the first to call the
two islands of Ibiza and Formentera the Pitiusas ("pine-covered
islands"; a translation of the Phoenician name). With the decline of
Phoenicia after the Assyrian invasions, Ibiza came under the control
of Carthage, also a former Phoenician colony. The island produced
dye, salt, fish sauce (garum), and wool.
Eivissa, Cala de sa Galera, with the Puig Nunó in the background
Eivissa, Cala de sa Galera, with the Puig Nunó in the background
A shrine with offerings to the goddess Tanit was established in the
cave at Es Culleram, and the rest of the Balearic Islands entered
Eivissa's commercial orbit after 400 BC. Ibiza was a major trading
post along the Mediterranean routes. Ibiza began establishing its
own trading stations along the nearby Balearic island of Mallorca
such as Na Guardis, from which large quantities of renowned Balearic
slingers were hired as mercenaries who fought for Carthage.
During the Second Punic War, the island was assaulted by the two
Scipio brothers 209 BC but remained loyal to Carthage. With
Carthaginian military luck running out on the Iberian mainland,
Ibiza was last used by the fleeing Carthaginian General Mago to
gather supplies and men before sailing to Menorca and then to
Liguria. Ibiza negotiated a favorable treaty with the Romans, which
spared Ibiza from further destruction and allowed it to continue its
Carthaginian-Punic institutions well into the Empire days, when it
became an official Roman municipality. For this reason, Ibiza today
offers excellent examples of late Carthaginian-Punic civilization.
During the Roman Empire, the island became a quiet imperial outpost,
removed from the important trading routes of the time.
After the fall of the Roman empire and a brief period of first
Vandal and then Byzantine rule, the island was conquered by the
Moors, as well as much of the Iberian peninsula. Under Islamic rule,
Ibiza came in close contact with the city of Dénia (the closest port
in the nearby Iberian peninsula, located in the Land of Valencia) as
the two areas were administered jointly by the same taifa. Moreover,
the tribes who lived in Ibiza and Denia during the period 1060–1085
were Moorish tribes named Bno-Alaglab & Bano-Mujahed .
The island was put back in Christian hands by Catalan King James I
of Aragon in 1235. Since then, the island has had its own
self-government in several forms but in 1715 King Philip V of Spain
abolished the local government's autonomy. The arrival of democracy
in the late seventies led to the Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic
Islands. Today the island is part of the Balearic Autonomous
Community, along with Mallorca, Minorca and Formentera.
Climate
The climate of Ibiza is Mediterranean and has milder winters and
slightly cooler summers than Mallorca. The winters are mild with
temperatures around 15° Celsius (60° Fahrenheit) and some rain. The
hot summer season lasts from June to September inclusive with
temperatures regularly reaching 30°C (85°F), lots of sunshine and
very little rain. Frost and snow are very rare.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Avg high °C 15.8 16.1 18.2 20.4 23.3 27.6 29.8 30.4 27.7 24.3 19.3
16.6
Avg high °F 60.44 60.98 64.76 68.72 73.94 81.68 85.64 86.72 81.86
75.74 66.74 61.88
Tourism
Ibiza is a very popular tourist destination, especially due to its
legendary and at times riotous nightlife centered around two areas:
Ibiza Town, the island's capital on the eastern shore and Sant
Antoni to the West. Ibiza Town has become a popular destination for
tourists. The most famous clubs include Privilege (the largest club
in the world), Eden (the busiest nightclub in Sant Antoni), Es
Paradís (noted for its water parties), Amnesia (known for foam
parties), Space (an afterparty club), Pacha, and DC10. These clubs
have become the centre of the worldwide electronic music movement.
During the summer, world class DJs perform at the various clubs on
weekly schedules, in between touring to other international
destinations. Many of these DJs use Ibiza as an outlet for
presenting new songs within the house and trance genres of
electronic dance music. The season traditionally begins at the start
of June with Space and DC10's opening parties and finishes on the
first weekend of October with the now legendary Closing Parties. A
typical schedule for clubbers going to Ibiza includes waking at
noon, early evening naps, late night clubbing, and "disco sunrises".
Due to Ibiza's notable tolerance toward misbehavior from young adult
tourists, it has acquired the sobriquet "Gomorrah of the Med". It is
also famous for Café del Mar, a long-standing bar where many
tourists traditionally view the sunset made famous by José Padilla.
Café Mambo is situated next door, along with newer additions
Savannah, Sugar Sea, and Coastline, and has become an increasingly
popular venue for club pre-parties after sunset, boasting big names
such as Roger Sanchez, David Morales, Frankie Knuckles, Judge Jules,
Pete Tong, Paul Oakenfold, Sasha, John Digweed, Erick Morillo and
David Guetta.
The island is not just known for its party scenes, though, as large
portions of the island are registered as U.N. World Heritage Sites,
and thus devoid of the commercialization of the main cities, for
example, "God's Finger" in the Benirràs Bay, or more traditional
Ibicenco cultural sites. Because of its purported natural beauty,
companies and artists alike frequently use the island for
photographic and film shoots. A monument ("The Egg") erected in
honour of Christopher Columbus can be found in Sant Antoni: Ibiza is
one of several places purporting to be his birthplace.
However, any time other than summer, the whole island is empty of
tourists and most clubs are not open (only Pacha is open all year
round). Tourists who plan to travel to the island prior to June or
after September should expect a quiet time with plenty of rain. The
island is still considered to be beautiful, but tourists coming for
the night life may be disappointed, though it's arguably a better
time to explore the island.
Spectacular sites can be seen from all over the island, including El
Vedrà – said to be the third most magnetic point on earth, behind
the North Pole and the Bermuda Triangle.[citation needed]
Administration
Ibiza is administratively part of the autonomous community of the
Balearic Islands, whose capital is Palma, on the island of Mallorca.
Ibiza comprises five of the community's 67 municipalities. Clockwise
from the south coast, these are:
* Sant Josep de sa Talaia
* Sant Antoni de Portmany
* Sant Joan de Labritja
* Santa Eulària des Riu
* Ibiza Town (Eivissa/Vila)
These municipalities had a total population of 88,076 inhabitants
(as of the 2001 census) and have a land area of 572.56 km² (221.07
sq mi).
Music
There also exists a genre of dance music named for Ibiza dubbed
Balearic Beat, similarly to the way Goa trance is named for Goa,
India. The style tries to reflect the atmosphere of Ibiza, and
listeners often say they can see a Mediterranean sunset when they
hear its euphoric, uplifting melodies. The atmosphere is brought on
with the use of synthesized string instruments, the sound of waves,
mandolins and guitars, and wispy vocals. Popular tracks in this
genre include:
Musician Michael Cretu, famous for his project ENIGMA and his wife
Sandra, have their home and A.R.T. Studios on Ibiza. It is where all
Enigma albums, selling over 35 million copies[1], were recorded.
They also own a small 16th century villa and Goya, a restaurant in
Ibiza city.
A guitarist of ENIGMA and solo artist, Jens Gad also lives on Ibiza.
He has his own "Gad's Studios", where he has recorded 4 Ambient/New
Age albums.
Ted Leo and the Pharmacists have a song called 'Ballad of the Sin
Eater' off their album Hearts of Oak (album) that has the lyric: I
stayed out all night in Ibiza, by way of San Sebastian, where they
said "Yanque, you better watch what you're sayin', unless you're
sayin' it in Basque or in Catalan!"
The Vengaboys re-wrote the lyrics of Typically Tropical's 1975 hit
"Barbados", as We're Going to Ibiza in which they are travelling to
a party on Ibiza by Venga Airways.
Mike Oldfield, a prominent British musician, owned a house on Ibiza,
where he worked on a couple of his albums. After being exposed to
the vibrant dance scene, he gradually incorporated dance-like
elements into his subsequent works, such as Tubular Bells III.
Ibiza features prominently in several movies, including the 2004
fictional biopic movie It's All Gone Pete Tong about a world famous
DJ who loses his hearing and the 2000 comedy movie Kevin & Perry Go
Large. The latter, based upon the popular Harry Enfield sketch Kevin
the Teenager, is about a young man who decides, along with best
friend, that they need to lose their virginity and become, in
Kevin's words, "top DJs".
New Order recorded its 1989 album Technique on the island, mixing
influences from balearic beats to house, techno and a more classic
80s indie sound.
The dark side of all of this mindless Ibizian hedonism is addressed
in the 1969 film More by Barbet Schroeder. The film's soundtrack,
written by Pink Floyd, included a song titled Ibiza Bar.
Sparks recorded a song called "The Rhythm Thief" on their album Lil'
Beethoven, which includes the lyric, "Lights out, Ibiza."
"Machine Gun Ibiza" is a song from the 1990 album Jordan: The
Comeback by the British band Prefab Sprout, celebrating the art of
hanging out with cool people.
Although it is not in the style mentioned above, Ibiza was also
featured in the song "This Is Ibiza" by Sander Kleinenberg.
Also Nena, from Germany has a song titled "Ibiza" on her Definitive
Collection album.
Andy Taylor (Formerly of Duran Duran) lives and works in his own
studio in Ibiza.
Ibiza is also a favourite hang-out for the former punk artist Nina
Hagen.
Indie rock music is becoming increasingly popular on the island with
many 'indie bars' appearing amongst the islands top nightspots, and
the Ibiza Rocks events at Bar M in San Antonio which has seen
artists such as Kasabian, Arctic Monkeys, Editors, Pull Tiger Tail,
Babyshambles and The Enemy Playing live gigs there.